Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine November 2016 Tutorial X - 118


IEEE AES Tutorials
be known. Adaptive detection in compound-Gaussian clutter will
be the topic of a subsequent tutorial that the authors are preparing.

A SURVEY OF RADAR SYSTEMS FOR MEDICAL
APPLICATIONS
Stefano Pisa
Erika Pittella
Emanuele Piuzzi
Sapienza University of Rome
Rome, Italy

a UAS and how it is different than manned aircraft, basic SAA
definitions and taxonomies are discussed. The SAA process is dissected into three fundamental tasks, defined as sensing, detecting,
and avoiding, which are discussed in detail. The tutorial concludes
with a summary of the regulatory and technical issues that continue to challenge the progress on SAA, as a key component of
reliable UAS operation in civil aviation authorities (CAAs) around
the world.

OBTAINING PREVIOUS TUTORIALS

A survey of radar systems used in the medical field is presented.
First, medical applications of radars are described, and some
emerging research fields are highlighted. Then, medical radars are
analyzed in terms of block diagrams and behavioral equations and
some implementations are shown as examples. A section is dedicated to the radiating structures used in these radars. Finally, human
safety and environmental impact issues are addressed. The most
investigated medical applications of radars are breast tumor diagnostics and remote monitoring of cardiorespiratory activity. New
fields of interest are physiological liquid detection, and the monitoring of artery walls and vocal cord movements. Among the various topologies, continuous wave (CW) radars have been proven to
yield the highest range resolution that is limited only by the system
noise while the resolution of ultra wideband (UWB) and frequency
modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars is also related to the
used frequency bandwidth. Concerning the maximum range, UWB
radars have the best performance due to their ability to operate in
the presence of environmental clutter. As for the radiating structures, planar antennas are preferred for diagnostic applications, due
to their small dimensions and good matching when placed in contact with the human body. Radar systems for remote monitoring,
instead, are designed by using high gain antennas and taking into
account the complex radar cross section (RCS) of the body.

Tutorial I was published as Part 2 of IEEE Aerospace & Electronic
Systems Magazine
Volume Nineteen-Number One-January 2004.

SENSE AND AVOID FOR UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

Tutorial VIII was published as Part 2 of IEEE Aerospace & Electronic Systems Magazine
Volume Thirty Number Two - February 2015

Giancarmine Fasano
Domenico Accardo
Antonio Moccia
University of Naples "Federico II
Naples, Italy
David Maroney
The MITRE Corporation
McLean, VA, USA

Tutorial III was published as Part 2 of IEEE Aerospace & Electronic Systems Magazine
Volume Twenty-One-Number Six-June 2006.
Tutorial IV was published as Part 2 of IEEE Aerospace & Electronic Systems Magazine
Volume Twenty-Two-Number Nine-September 2007.
Tutorial V was published as Part 2 of IEEE Aerospace & Electronic Systems Magazine
Volume Twenty-Five Number Seven-July 2010.
Tutorial VI was published as Part 2 of IEEE Aerospace & Electronic Systems Magazine
Volume Twenty-Eight Number Seven - July 2013
Tutorial VII was published as Part 2 of IEEE Aerospace & Electronic Systems Magazine
Volume Twenty-Nine Number Eight - August 2014

Tutorial IX was published as Part 2 of IEEE Aerospace & Electronic Systems Magazine
Volume Thirty-One Number Three - March 2016

Sense and avoid (SAA) represents one of the main roadblocks to
the integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) operations by
aviation authorities around the world. This tutorial outlines and reviews the substantial breadth of SAA architectures, technologies,
and algorithms. Starting from a discussion about what constitutes

118	

Tutorial II was published as Part 2 of IEEE Aerospace & Electronic Systems Magazine
Volume Twenty-Number Eight-August 2005.

Copies of tutorials are available for use by any AESS function, as
long as stocks last. Requests must indicate Tutorial Number and
quantity (minimum 25), be in writing, provide a complete street
shipping address including telephone number, give adequate
lead time for fulfillment, and indicate the date desired at the destination. Direct your requests to Judy Scharmann by e-mail at
j.scharmann@ieee.org or contact her by phone at 785-317-8741.

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE	

NOVEMBER 2016, Part II of II



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