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Feature Article: DOI. No. 10.1109/MAES.2016.150042 Design of Telecommand Software for the Mars Orbiter Mission Mayur W. Bhilawe, K. K. Raghunandana, Vijaykumar Pujari, H. S. Vasudevamurthy, N. Valarmathi, Indian Space Research Organization, ISRO Satellite Center, Bangalore, Karnataka, India INTRODUCTION Mars has always interested the human imagination, like no other planet. For ages, humans have been speculating about life on Mars. But, the question still unanswered is whether Mars has a biosphere or ever had an environment in which life could have evolved and been sustained. The Mars Orbiter [1], [2], is a space probe launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) [3]. It is ISRO's first interplanetary mission to planet Mars with an orbiter craft designed to orbit Mars in an elliptical orbit, which has been orbiting Mars since the 24 of September, 2014. With this mission, ISRO has become the fourth space agency to reach Mars, after the Soviet space program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration , and European Space Agency. The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) has many technical challenges considering the critical mission operations and the stringent requirements on propulsion and other bus systems of the spacecraft. It has been configured to carry out limited study of the Martian atmosphere with five payloads [4] finalized by the Advisory Committee on Space Sciences. Figure 1 shows the basic structure of Mars Orbiter spacecraft. In interplanetary missions where the communication delays are quite high, it takes a significant amount of time to send commands and receive the telemetry. Also, interplanetary missions involve visibility constraints. The round trip delay for a signal in MOM is up to 40 minutes. MOM involves a communication blackout period when the Sun is between the Earth and the Mars. Also, there exist communication white-out periods when the Earth is between the Sun and Mars. Finally, the MOM involves visibility gaps when the spacecraft goes behind Mars. Also, the interplanetary mission involves different phases of mission operations during its life, so Authors' current address: M. W. Bhilawe, K. K. Raghunandana, V. Pujari, H. S. Vasudevamurthy, N. Valarmathi, Digital Systems Group, ISRO Satellite Center, Indian Space Research Organization, Bangalore, 560017 India, E-mail: (mayur@isac.gov.in). Manuscript received March 26, 2015, revised August 30, 2015, December 14, 2015, and April 10, 2016, and ready for publication April 10, 2016. Review handled by E. Blasch. 0885-8985/16/$26.00 © 2016 IEEE 12 it requires flexibility and programmability to manage the mission. Due to visibility constraints and the time delays involved in the mission, autonomy features are developed in the telecommand processor (MTcP) software, which reduces command uplinks and increases the reuse of already uplinked commands. In this article, the design and development of the MTcP software for the MOM is presented. MTcP software provides autonomy features for thermal management, fault detection, isolation, and reconfiguration (FDIR), differential time tagged (TT) command execution, configurable command block (CCB) execution, event based commanding (EBC), on board time tagged (OBT) command execution, macro time tagged command execution, attitude and orbit control electronics (AOCE) autonomy, 1553B [5]-[7] data/command transfer and telemetry transfer to AOCE, and other subsystems. The software also has features like telemetry (TM) auto-changeover, MTcP auto-changeover, remote programming, telecommand (TC) history transfer to baseband data handling (BDH), and controlled MTcP reset (protection from spurious resets). All these functionalities are elaborated in the subsequent sections. In the MTcP software, some of the functionalities can be combined and used as it provides linking feature. The software is successfully flown in MOM [8], [9]. The picture of Mars Orbiter Spacecraft mounted on a payload adapter in a polar satellite launch vehicle (PSLV) C-25 is shown in Figure 2. Figure 1. Mars Orbiter Spacecraft basic structure. IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE AUGUST 2016

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