Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine November 2017 - 17
Asgari et al.
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Continuously monitor ATM SATCOM data communication;
Detect, offer corrective measures, and keep track of the
faults that occur in the network, including:
intentional or unintentional RF interferences targeted at
the SATCOM in space, in the air or on ground;
overflow of SATCOM resources;
connectivity failures with the SATCOM Satellite Control
Center (SCC) and ephemeris-related events;
set of consecutive failed attempts to access the SATCOM
network;
unauthorized operations on the SATCOM network;
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Have a dedicated payload configuration tool in order to detect and handle incomplete payloads, unaccepted payloads,
access violations, etc.;
Have a dedicated payload RF jamming detector module, i.e.
a dedicated software tool capable of detecting the transmission and reception interfaces used in ATM nontransparent
SATCOM payloads, sniffing the ATM traffic, and signaling
data conveyed by each of its interfaces;
Offer the ATM SATCOM operator specific and updated
views with an inventory of airborne terminals, base stations, and gateway including additional information about
each item of the inventory, i.e. GPS coordinates, allocated
resources (secure satellite-VLAN);
Prevent the establishment of a SATCOM connection requested by any device that does not belong to the ATM SATCOM inventory and that does not have the security clearance to the same satellite VLAN;
Reset SATCOM receivers as a mitigation technique in case
of detection of RF interference;
Include a special module that enables the ATM SATCOM
SCC's security manager to create/edit and assign the type of
users and their clearance levels to ATM SATCOM resources,
including their roles and responsibilities;
Display to its operator only the ATM information that
matches his/her clearance level;
Allow its operator to configure the ATM SATCOM resources that match his/her clearance level;
Register every attempt to access the ATM SATCOM and
every operation performed on the ATM SATCOM network;
make this log available to the ATM SATCOM operator to
inspect/audit, so that he/she informs the aviation authority
of RF interference, interception of communication or denial
of service attacks if:
the attack lasts more than 30 min;
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INFORMATION SECURITY SYSTEM
The ISS is composed of multiple subsystems envisaged in the SESAR/GAMMA operational environment for air-to-ground Voice over
IP (VoIP) for ATC communications and IP-based data communication carried by the AeroMACS system for ATC/AOC (airline operational communications). The ISS provides protected data services on
the airport side and PENS for the ATN communication systems that
are using new data link communication services for i4D capabilities
(CPDLC and ADS-C) [5] such as AeroMACS and VoIP ATN communication services for the ground-to-ground of PENS segment.
The ISS includes capabilities for communication and service
authentication that demonstrate threat mitigation for vulnerabilities identified during the assessment phase. This enhances the
required levels for confidentiality, integrity, and availability by
means of a dedicated AAA server. The ISS interwork with SMP to
identify and monitor suspicious activities and activates that require
countermeasures to minimize or avoid side effects on the communication and ATN service.
The main communication with the SMP is the one to exchange
data about system elements and services. The data is used by the
SMP event collector. The ISS includes the following subsystems:
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A complete AeroMACS system for airport communication
between the tower and aircrew;
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The VoIP system for ATC air-to-ground communication;
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Civil-military gateway for data exchanges over IP.
SECURE ATC COMMUNICATION
The Secure ATC Communication (SACom) prototype is designed
to address the existing security risks in ATC radio communication.
Preconditions set before developing the SACom are the following:
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The system shall be developed as a threat detection system;
The system must not interfere with the existing ATC or
cockpit equipment to maintain the current level of safety;
The system must not in any way influence or endanger the
work of pilots or controllers;
Detection functions shall be based on monitoring the voice
communication and the actual traffic situation only.
To address these challenges, a modular SACom system has
been designed, composed of the following functionalities:
1. The system shall identify unauthorized speakers in analogue
air-to-ground communication;
2. The system shall identify mental pressure of the person intruding into the analogue air-to-ground communication;
the attack lasts less than 30 min and there is more than one
attack per day.
3. The system shall identify aircraft deviating from the cleared
flight route or the cleared level (due to a possible false command by an unauthorized person);
Send the event information to SMP, e.g. in less than 6 seconds.
4. The system shall identify safety-critical ATC clearances issued
by the air traffic controller;
NOVEMBER 2017
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
17
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