Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine April 2017 - 43

Lanari
based retrieval of our planet topography. Can you say something about
the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and the work you did
in that project?
Paul: Actually, though I am
most known in the community for
my contributions to deformation interferometry, a good portion of my
time and effort in parallel was developing algorithms and processing
systems for topographic mapping
systems using single-pass interferometers. JPL had an airborne system known as AIRSAR [Airborne
Synthetic Aperture Radar] that had
a cross-track interferometer known
as TOPSAR [Topographic Synthetic
Aperture Radar] at the time, in the
1990s. I worked on the TOPSAR
processor to improve its efficiency,
accuracy, and phase unwrapping
performance. JPL was also asked
to help with system engineering
and processing of a DARPA [Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency]-funded state-of-the-art airborne interferometer for high-resolution topographic mapping, and I
had a big role in the interferometer
system engineering and processor
design.
These were precursors to SRTM
(Figure 4) that prepared me to lead
the team for algorithm developFigure 3.
ment and map verification. SRTM
Illustration of postseismic deformation following the magnitude 7.3 Landers earthquake in 1992. In addition to the deformation features described in the text that are well modeled by poroelastic flow in the pullwas the world's first spaceborne
aparts, several other deformation processes can be seen (courtesy of G. Peltzer, JPL).
ScanSAR interferometer. To build
it, we modified the Shuttle Imaging
Radar-C (flown in 1994) to have a
Another significant contribution to the community was the
second C-band antenna deployed at the end of a 60-m deployable
development of the ROI_PAC (Repeat Pass Interferometry Packboom. Germany and Italy had a second radar system (X-band)
age) software. This was done in partnership with Caltech [the
that was also augmented to an interferometer. This was a major
California Institute of Technology] and was freely distributed to
engineering achievement-at the time the longest boom in space.
researchers through NASA. The software was used by hundreds
The specifications for SRTM were quite challenging, as we
of researchers, some developing their own spinoffs with added
had to create a topographic map of Earth to uniform accuracapabilities, and for many years, the majority of scientific pacy specifications over the globe at 30-m resolution, something
pers in solid Earth deformation that used interferometry as their
the US government had been attempting for many years using
geodetic technique cited ROI_PAC as their processing package.
conventional techniques but was struggling to achieve. My team
Making this software available to the community was a boost
built the processor for creating topographic models from the
to the community around the world and has enable much great
radar data efficiently (thanks in part to your contribution) and
science. We are working on a new version of the software in a
accurately-a common theme for me-and also a continentalmore modern software framework called ISCE (InSAR Scienscale topographic mosaicker that performed an enormous leasttific Computing Environment), which is also freely available for
squares estimation on ground control and image tie points to
research.
create seamless, continuous continental digital elevation models
Riccardo: The investigation of Earth surface deformation was
[DEMs]. We also drove GPS [global positioning system] receivers
a first focus, but you also did a lot for what concerns the InSARAPRIL 2017

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

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