Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine April 2017 - 7

Imai et al.
Table 1.

Flight Accidents and Possible Precautionary Measures
Flight

Date

Description of the Accident

Precautionary
Measures

TransAsia Airways
Flight 235

February
4th 2015

Two minutes after takeoff, pilots report engine
flameout. Right engine failure alert, warning sounds
for 3 sec. Crew reduces and then cuts the left engine.

Decision support
system to not turn
off the left engine.

Asiana Airlines
Flight 214

July 6th
2013

Descent below visual glide path and impact with
seawall. 82 seconds before impact at 1,600 ft,
autopilot was turned off and throttles set to idle.
Final approach speed was 34 knots below the target
approach speed of 137 knots. Pilots unaware that the
auto-throttle was failing to maintain that speed.

Internal glidepath assistance.
Airspeed
crosscheck.

Turkish Airlines
Flight 522

February
25th 2009

Aircraft had an automated reaction which was
triggered by a faulty radio altimeter. Auto-throttle
decreased the engine power to idle during approach.
Crew noticed too late. Although the pilots did try to
hold the glide slope after increasing the throttle, the
auto-throttle decreased it to idle again.

Sensing the
altimeter error
using crosschecks.

British Airways
Flight 38

January
17th 2008

Although aware of the outside temperature
conditions being -65C to -74C, the crew simply did
not monitor the temperature of the fuel, which was
well below freezing point. A small quantity of water
within the fuel did freeze, causing ice on the fuel
lines, ultimately leading to fuel starvation near the
final stages of the approach.

Check for fuel
temperature
when outside
air temperature
outside normal
range.

Azerbaijan Airlines
Flight 217

December
23rd 2005

After climbing to 6,900 ft entered a descending spiral
tightening from 500 m to 100 m. Absence of all three
gyroscopes during the climb. Lack of pitch, roll, and
heading performance.

Attitude indicator
crosscheck.
Re-create a
virtual artificial
horizon from
nongyroscopic
data.

Helios Airways
Flight 522

August
14th 2005

Lack of cabin pressurization and pilot error leading
to crew incapacitation due to hypoxia. Cabin altitude
warning horn sounded at 12,040 ft and should have
stopped the climb.

Prevent the climb
or strongly advise
pilots against it.

Air Midwest
Flight 5481

January
8th 2003

Elevator range of motion cut to only 7 degrees out of
the full 14. Stalled after take-off due to overloading
and maintenance error.

Weight and
systems check
from sensors
onboard before
departure.

Austral Lineas Aereas
Flight 2553

October
10th 1997

Pitot tube icing caused faulty airspeed readings.
Pilots interpreted as a loss of engine power and
added power. No improvement to airspeed, so
they descended and increased the speed. Wing
slats were torn off one wing and the plane became
uncontrollable.

Airspeed
crosscheck.

Copa Airlines
Flight 201

June 6th
1993

At 25,000 ft, the plane entered a steep dive at an
angle of 80 degrees to the right and began to roll.
Exceeding the speed of sound at 10,000 ft, the
plane broke apart. Faulty readings were caused by a
short circuit traced to a faulty wiring harness in the
attitude indicator.

Attitude indicator
crosscheck.
Recreate a
virtual artificial
horizon from
nongyroscopic
data.

APRIL 2017

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

7



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