Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine May 2017 - 11

Liu et al.

Figure 13.

(a) Dimension of the horn antenna. (b) Beampattern of the horn antenna.

Figure 12.

(a) Probability of discriminating the targets. (b) RMSE.

Since the bullet train B has a different speed from the other
three targets, it is separated in one range and Doppler cell, while
other three targets stay together in another, different range and
Doppler cell after range and Doppler processing. The DOA estimation of the moving bullet train B is a single target scenario, while
it is a multiple target scenario for the other three stationary targets.
In both scenarios, the SNR is 30 dB, and the sampling number
(snapshots) of the receive signal is 40. Since there are eight antennas in the SNLA, it can resolve up to seven targets in a range and
Doppler cell with the MUSIC algorithm or Capon beamforming,
which is adequate in these simulation scenarios. The results are
shown in Figure 11.
From Figure 11, all three DOA estimation techniques work
well in the single target scenario, and they all have sufficiently
high angular accuracy. Both superresolution algorithms, the MUSIC and the Capon techniques, have better angle resolution than
the DBF does. In the multiple target scenario, the DBF only finds
one peak, which is limited by the system angular resolution. Although the Capon method has better angular resolution than DBF
MAY 2017

does, it is still not enough to separate three closely spaced targets:
only the MUSIC algorithm succeeds in discriminating all three stationary targets.
To find the necessary snapshots and SNR with the MUSIC algorithm in the multiple target scenario, the probability of success
in discriminating the targets and the average root mean square error (RMSE) of the DOA estimates with different snapshots and
SNR are shown in Figure 12.
From Figure 12a, to achieve a satisfying probability of 0.968
when three targets exist in a range and Doppler resolution cell,
the minimal SNR should be no lower than 30 dB, and at least 60
snapshots should be available. Though an SNR of 30 dB may not
be easy to obtain in practical situations, the RMSE is very small
compared with the DOAs of the targets.

SIMULATION 2
To analysis the performance of the MUSIC algorithm when targets are located ahead on the track in a built-up area with possibly
strong reflections coming in through the sidelobes of the SNLA,
another computer simulation is carried out here with the same
simulation assumptions as above. Since the conformal antennas
are not available, horn antennas are used to form the SNLA in the
experiment described in the next section. The physical dimensions
and beampatterns of the horn antenna are shown in Figures 13a and
13b, respectively. Figure 13b shows that the 3 dB azimuth beam-

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

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