Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine May 2017 - 14

Collision Avoidance Radar System for the Bullet Train

Figure 18.

Figure 19.

The profile of zero Doppler (Figure 17a) is manually chosen
for the analysis of the stationary targets. In order to detect the targets from noise, CA-CFAR is exploited and the output of the CACFAR detector is shown in Figure 17a. There are many targets at
the close range with uniform spacing of exactly 60 m, as shown
in the zoomed-in Figure 17b. These targets should be the catenary
poles near the railway, which indirectly shows that the radar system has sufficiently good range resolution. A nonzero Doppler frequency profile containing the range spectrum of the train is showed
in Figure 17c. It can be calculated from the range profile that the
length of the moving train is about 615 m.
The MUSIC algorithm with 40 snapshots is used to determine
the DOAs of the head of the moving train at a distance of 735 m
with an actual DOA of −0.467° and the catenary pole at a distance
of 862.5 m with an actual DOA of −0.598°. The head of the moving train has a strong reflection with an SNR of 25 dB. After using
the calibration coefficient, the result of the estimation is −0.578°
(7.41 m from the freight rail line), as shown in Figure 18a, while

the detected DOA of the catenary pole with a relatively low SNR
of 20 dB is −0.735° (11.06 m from the freight rail line), as shown
in Figure 18b.
The DOA estimation results of all detected targets with
MUSIC, Capon beamforming, and DBF methods are shown in
Figure 19. Since the DOA estimation of the moving train is a
single target scenario, these three methods have almost the same
good angular accuracy (Figure 19a). The result shows that the
moving train is on the adjacent track with a cross range of 6 m
from the radar facility. However, a multiple-target scenario for
the DOA estimation of some closely spaced stationary targets is
shown in Figure 19b. With the DBF method, only the biggest
target is found and the small targets are lost, while MUSIC and
Capon can separate more targets than DBF does because they
have better angle resolution.
When the number of targets in a range and Doppler cell is
larger than that of the antenna elements in the SNLA, which may
occur when the bullet train travels across such a built-up area, the

Angular spectrum of the MUSIC algorithm. (a) The head of the moving
train. (b) The catenary pole.

14

DOA estimation results. (a) Parts of the moving train. (b) Stationary
targets.

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

MAY 2017



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