Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine May 2017 - 33

Do et al.
ICSs directly, their recent activities, acquiring information about
the systems, may be exploited for stealthy attacks in the future.

vulnerabilities and to prepare for future attacks against SCADA
systems in the energy sector [64].

Pumping Station in the United States (2011)

Georgia Water Treatment Plant (2013)

On November 8, 2011, a city water utility in Springfield, IL, was
hacked [45]. The system kept turning on and off, leading to the
burnout of a water pump. The investigation showed that the attackers penetrated the control system by exploiting the backdoor left
by a software vendor. To provide maintenance and update services,
the software vendor used remote access to the SCADA system of
its customers. By some methods, the intruders obtained usernames
and passwords and gained unauthorized access to the vendor network, providing them with a path to hack into the control system
and cause real physical damage.

The incident occurred at the Carters Lake Water Treatment Plant in
Murray County, northwest of Atlanta, on April 26, 2013 [65]. It is
believed that someone entered the water treatment plant and tampered with equipment controlling how much chlorine and fluoride
should be added to the water. Though this incident was not a cyber
attack, similar attack scenarios may be performed if the SCADA
network is connected to the Internet. For example, instead of entering the plant directly, the intruders can break into the SCADA
network and modify the set points of chlorine and fluoride levels.

Telvent in Canada (2012)

CLASSIFICATION OF ATTACKS

A breach on the internal firewall and security systems of Telvent,
Canada [64], a company that supplies remote administration and
monitoring tools to the energy sector, was discovered on September 10, 2012. After penetrating the network, the intruders stole
project files related to the OASyS SCADA product, a remote administration tool allowing companies to combine older IT equipment with modern smart grid technology. It is very likely that the
adversaries gathered information about this new product to find its

In this section, we classify malicious attacks on SCADA systems
by attack points and attack types.

CLASSIFICATION BY ATTACK POINTS
It is important to identify possible points of entry into SCADA
systems so that appropriate measures can be taken. As shown in
Figure 2, backdoors to modern SCADA systems are broadly of

Figure 2.

Possible attack points to modern SCADA systems.

MAY 2017

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

33



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