Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine June 2017 - 55

Czekal/ a and Samczyn´ski

Figure 13.

PPI console of the JAWOR-M. Visible on the right of the PPI is a
digital height display showing height measurement received from the
BOGOTA-M height finder.

portant role over a considerable period in radar development in
Poland. They came together with Soviet made radars and their
indigenous production started shortly afterwards. The principle
of operation of storage tubes can be found in very basic radar
literature, such as the famous Massachusetts Institute of Technology series.
The convenience of use of storage tubes, which were miniature in comparison with mercury lines, made it possible to
construct a three-pulse canceller MTI, with its well-known advantages when compared with the simplest MTI circuits used
before (Figure 14). The use of the storage tube allowed for larger
flexibility in the optimisation of PRF staggering, and so optimising the MTI filter frequency response. Moreover, delay circuits
based on storage tubes provided the opportunity to correlate
echoes coming in successive sweeps. The so-called coincidence
circuit was implemented in the JAWOR-M to reduce non-synchronous pulse jamming by multiplying the direct signal and the
PRI delayed signal.
Unfortunately, storage tubes featured an important drawback
too; they required frequent adjustments of the electron beam parameters such as the beam deflection pattern, beam current and foJUNE 2017

Figure 14.

MTI processing unit of the JAWOR-M with the storage tube assembly
extended out.

cusing, to ensure the linear operation of the MTI canceller in a high
dynamic range. Any departure from the optimum working conditions would result in considerable signal loss or poor clutter cancellation. For this reason, though the MTI circuitry was designed
fully according to the state-of-the-art technology in this generation
of radars, its practical use faced a lot of trouble.
With quite a broad range of upgrades in the receiving and signal processing system, no improvements were made to the transmitter, so the "fast tuning" capability of the JAWOR-M remained
exactly as previously seen in its predecessor, the JAWOR.
Also, the BOGOTA-M height finder, designed to accompany
the JAWOR-M, substantially differed from its predecessor. The
first differences can be seen in their appearance: the new antenna
design was based on a lightweight framework and fixed to rotary
arms that were folded down for transportation to minimize the

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

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