Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine July 2017 - 2

In This Issue - Technically
COMMERCIAL AIRLINE SINGLE-PILOT OPERATIONS: SYSTEM DESIGN AND PATHWAYS TO CERTIFICATION
For over a decade, the international aviation community has been considering the concept of Single- Pilot Operations (SPO) as a
viable solution to the rising costs associated with commercial air transport. Recent advances in Communications, Navigation, Surveillance/Air Traffic Management and Avionics (CNS+A) technologies have allowed higher levels of automation, creating an opportunity for commercial airliners to transit to SPO. By leveraging CNS+A developments, the elevated workload of a single -pilot can be
mitigated through air-ground collaborative decision making by expanding the role of ground operators in flight planning, rerouting,
and emergency situations; as well as in the higher levels of decision support, including separation assurance, collision avoidance,
systems monitoring, and landing. The concept of a Virtual Pilot Assistant (VPA) system is presented as a possible technology solution
introducing higher levels of autonomy and adaptive Human-Machine Interface and Interaction (HMI2) features. While technically
possible, the transition to SPO requires an evolution of the current operational and pilot regulatory framework.

A STUDY OF SPACECRAFT REACTION THRUSTER CONFIGURATIONS FOR ATTITUDE CONTROL SYSTEM
Reaction control thruster configurations make a significant contribution towards fulfilling spacecraft attitude control and fuel consumption requirements, in addition to other parameters such as thruster's behavioral specifications, control allocation algorithms,
pulse width modulations and applied control strategies. In this article, several thruster configurations (whose thrusters are located in
the same plane) are investigated through the static and dynamic behavior analysis in terms of some performance indices. An extensive
literature search has been carried out to obtain the following results. All configuration performance indices are assessed in a closed
loop stable form along with the control allocation and Pulse-Width Pulse-Frequency (PWPF) as the pulse modulation. Based upon
simulation results, one of the configurations is selected for the specified mission and the spacecraft structure. The results are completely useful by showing that how a well-suited configuration can be selected for a given mission.

AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION IN MISSING DATA CASES
Automatic target recognition (ATR) is the process where computer algorithms are used to detect and classify objects or regions of
interest in sensor data. Wide-angle synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images can contain important features of an object from a diverse
set of observation angles collected by a radar system orbiting around a target or scene. However, Interference, jamming, or data
dropouts are commonplace in practical SAR environments, and result in an incomplete data set. These missing and corrupted data
cause substantial degradation in the generated SAR imagery, hampering their utility for subsequent ATR processing especially when
data-independent image formation algorithms are used. The purpose of this work is to quantify the performance of wide-angle SAR
imaging and ATR algorithms when the data record is complete, and when missing at 30% and 50% of the data. In this paper, we will
show the hybrid high-resolution imaging method, consisting of SIAA, FIAA, and SLIM, yields better ATR performance than the BP
imaging method.

DYNAMIC, DATA-DRIVEN PROCESSING OF MULTISPECTRAL VIDEO STREAMS
Multispectral video processing requires novel trade-offs among system design complexities. With this in mind, we introduce in this
paper a novel system design framework for dynamic, data-driven video processing using lightweight dataflow (LD) techniques, called
LDspectral. LD is employed as an approach for model-based video processing system design that facilitates efficient and reliable realtime implementation. LD is "lightweight" in the sense that it is based on a compact set of application programming interfaces, and can
be integrated relatively easily into existing design processes. We develop a framework for adaptively configuring multispectral video
processing configurations in LDspectral, and develop a prototype implementation using the lightweight dataflow environment (LIDE)
integrated with OpenCV. We demonstrate and evaluate the performance of LDspectral capabilities using a background subtraction
application. As compared to a standard video processing pipeline, the capabilities in LDspectral for optimized selection and fusion of
spectral bands enhances trade-offs that can be realized between video processing accuracy and computational efficiency.

EMBEDDED PLATFORM FOR UAS OBSTACLE AND LANDING PATH DETECTION-PERSEO
The PERSEO (Piattaforma Embedded per la Ricerca del Sentiero di Atterraggio ed Ostacoli-Embedded Platform for Obstacle and
Landing Path Detection) system is my Ph.D. research theme. Specifically, the idea and main research focus are the design and development of an embedded electronic platform that will be installed on an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) for attitude control and
obstacle detection. The aim is to calculate and extract the landing path and detect obstacles that surround the unmanned aircraft. The
sensors onboard the main platform must have these key specifications: low cost, miniature size, robustness, and fast response time.
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IEEE	A&E	SYSTEMS	MAGAZINE	

JULY	2017



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine July 2017

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