Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine July 2017 - 41

by computing the object's offset from its known location at various
times in the data collection.
To begin, the entire aperture is divided into overlapped 4-degree subapertures with 1-degree step size between adjacent subapertures (i.e., a 3-degree overlap exists between neighboring
subapertures). The BP imaging method [8] is then used to obtain
subimages of quad-trihedral corner reflectors. Defining (ξx, ξy) as
the quad-trihedral's offset from its true position within the BP subaperture image as shown in Figure 3, the slant-range error Δ at each
subaperture is given by
Δ = ξ x cos (φs ) cos (θ s ) + ξ y cos (φs ) sin (θ s ) ,

quence of operations, including the segmented iterative adaptive
approach (SIAA) [6], the fast IAA (FIAA) [5], [6], and the sparse
learning via iterative minimization (SLIM) method [7].
Let a generic image or target scene be segmented into R × L
potential scatterers pr,l for r = 1,...,R and l = 1,...,L at each subaperture. The returned signal yn p ( f m ) obtained from the npth pulse and
frequency bin fm can be given by
R

L

yn p ( f m ) = α pr ,l e
r =1 l =1

−j

4π
f m τ − pr ,l
c

(

)

+ vn p ( f m ) ,

(2)

(1)

where θs and ϕs are the averaged azimuth and elevation angles for
the subaperture, respectively [9].
After the slant-range errors at each subaperture are obtained, a
robust polynomial regression is conducted to obtain parameters representing the pulse-to-pulse range error. After correcting for the pulseto-pulse slant-range error, well-focused and well-registered images of
the scene may be formed as shown in the right image of Figure 4.

HYBRID HIGH-RESOLUTION SAR IMAGING
After focusing, we segment the entire 360-degree aperture into
overlapped 2-degree subapertures with 1-degree step size. The
hybrid high-resolution SAR imaging method [12] consists of a se-

Figure 3.

A slant-range error Δ at each subaperture.

Figure 2.

A quad-trihedral corner reflector is used to compensate for the slantrange error at each subaperture.

JULY 2017

Figure 4.

Unfocused and focused BP image of the quad-trihedral with 30% missing data.

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

41



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