Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine July 2017 Tutorial XI - 68

IEEE AES Tutorials
are run on a simple exponential refraction model to demonstrate their effectiveness. This tutorial builds upon the tutorial
entitled "Basic Tracking Using Nonlinear 3D Monostatic and
Bistatic Measurements" and is complemented by the companion tutorial "Basic Tracking Using Nonlinear Continuous-Time
Dynamic Models."

COHERENT MIMO RADAR: THE PHASED ARRAY AND
ORTHOGONAL WAVEFORMS
MICHAEL S. DAVIS
Gregory A. Showman
Georgia Tech Research Institute
Atlanta, Georgia, USA
AARON D. LANTERMAN
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia, USA

PAUL D. GROVES
University College London
London, United Kingdom
This tutorial provides an introduction to navigation using inertial sensors, explaining the underlying principles. Topics
covered include accelerometer and gyroscope technology and
their characteristics, strapdown inertial navigation, attitude determination, integration and alignment, zero updates, motion
constraints, pedestrian dead reckoning using step detection, and
fault detection.

TUTORIAL IX

Coherent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is a natural extension of the phased array antenna that has been used by
radar systems for decades. This tutorial unifies concepts from the
literature and provides a framework for the analysis of an arbitrary
suite of MIMO radar waveforms. A number of gain patterns are
introduced, which quantify the antenna performance of a MIMO
radar, and the impact of the waveform characteristics (e.g., range
sidelobes) is discussed.

TUTORIAL VIII
BASIC TRACKING USING NONLINEAR CONTINUOUS-TIME
DYNAMIC MODELS
DAVID CROUSE, Member IEEE
Naval Research Laboratory
Washington, DC
Physicists generally express the motion of objects in continuous
time using differential equations, whereas the majority of target
tracking algorithms use discrete-time models. This tutorial considers the use of general, nonlinear, continuous time motion models
for use in target tracking algorithms that perform measurements at
specific, discrete times. The basics of solving/simulating deterministic/stochastic differential equations is reviewed. The difference
between most direct-discrete and continuous-discrete tracking algorithms is the prediction step. Consequently, a number of continuous-time state prediction techniques are presented, focusing
on derivative-free techniques. Consistent with common filtering
techniques, such as the cubature Kalman filter, Gaussian approximations are used for the propagated state. Three dynamic models
are considered for evaluating the performance of the algorithms:
a highly nonlinear spiraling motion mode, a multidimensional
geometric Brownian model, which has multiplicative noise, and
an integrated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Track initiation is also
discussed.

NAVIGATION USING INERTIAL SENSORS

DETECTION OVER SENSOR NETWORKS: A TUTORIAL
S. HAMED JAVADI
University of Bojnord
Bojnord, Iran
The applications of sensor networks (SNs) are increasing since
they facilitate real-time remote information monitoring and processing. Detection of an event is one of the main tasks of SNs in
many applications. Sensors may transmit either raw or processed
data to a fusion center (FC), where a final decision is taken. The
problems and challenges that exist in detection over SNs and the
previously proposed methods to deal with them are reviewed and
described in this tutorial.

A SURVEY OF CORRELATED WAVEFORM DESIGN FOR
MULTIFUNCTION SOFTWARE RADAR
SAJID AHMED
MOHAMED ALOUINI
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
To change the transmit beam pattern, single antenna radar requires
a change of antenna while multiple antenna array radar, such as
phased-array, require amplitude/phase tapers, which are hardware
components. Therefore, there is a genuine demand that the parameters of future radar systems be controlled through a software without changing any hardware or using amplitude/phase tapers. It is
well known that the parameters of an antenna array radar can be
controlled by transmitting suitable correlated waveforms. This approach provides more degree-of-freedom and if constant-envelope
(CE) or low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) correlated waveforms are used, it allows us to control the parameters of the radar
without changing any hardware. Therefore, this approach can be
considered as a step towards a software radar. The aim of this article is to provide a survey of recent techniques used to design CE
and low PAPR correlated waveforms and discuss the benefits and
drawbacks of each.

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

JULY 2017, Part II of II

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine July 2017 Tutorial XI