Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine January 2018 - 16

Systems Engineering Approach Using Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD)
ic when the project began, with each
member bringing their field of expertise to the project and applying it to
the problem. However, as part of the
ISU curriculum, the team members
had the opportunity to learn from and
interact with experts in the field from
both academia and industry. The complexity of the problem to draw conclusions and give recommendations,
both technically and socially, motivated us to participate effectively in this
project. We accepted the challenge
and used our unique experiences and
backgrounds to tackle the problem of
planetary defense and to alert policy
makers and the general public to take
action on threats that can cause from
city-level damage to global devastation. Initially organizing such a large
team was challenging, so we decided
to use the IPPD method along with
the ISU's 3-Is nature to fill strategic
gaps in the current planetary defense
situation and literature, and identified
five main subteams for a comprehenFigure 9.
sive planetary defense program. Each
Leads' opinions and feedback results in the general challenges in organizing their teams in an intensive
program.
team member had the opportunity to
choose to be in any of the five focused subteams, and each subteam
Half of the team leads think that international aspects had the
had a leader for communication, meetings, directing the subteam
most impact as a challenge on their teams, whereas the other half
members, and defining the recommendations. Each team member
believe that it was an intercultural or personal aspect as people
could also choose to participate in other logistics teams such as
from different cultures works differently. Some are more proactive
publishing, editing, formatting, graphics, communication, social
and some are less, some are too detailed and others are not. In addiactivities, referencing, executive summary, formatting, scenarios,
tion to the time restrictions, dealing with the stress level was a sigand presentation. These groups allowed team members to explore
nificant challenge due to the large workload. The language barrier
areas they liked and allowed non-experienced professionals to
was noted as another main challenge. Clearer messages and simple
learn from their experienced teammates. That helped to develop
explanations were necessary to ensure successful communications
the team members' talents further and contributed to a higher overbetween team members and to avoid any unnecessary distress.
all standard of work.
The nature of the ISU gets the participants to be in constant
cross-cultural communication, where it is important to understand
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF A
the role of context. In low-context cultures, communication is explicit from the literal meaning of words [3]. One would need to avoid
PROJECT WITH SIMILAR CONDITIONS
excessive social chats and go directly to the point. These participants
As a result of managing the Planetary Defense Team Project, there
felt free to intervene at any time during a presentation or a meeting.
are some techniques and lessons learned that we would like to proParticipants of high-context cultures saw this behavior as not courvide as recommendations for managing such large group of people
teous, where communication is inferred from the message context
from different backgrounds.
rather than from its content [3]. They were offended if others contradicted them directly or used casual speech, rank, and status; also,
relationships were highly valued by these participants. That is no
NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS AND DIVERSE
different from the diverse workforce that exists at various companies
BACKGROUNDS
nowadays, but it was more drastically observed in this program as
each person is used to dealing with people from their cultures. We
As mentioned earlier, the READI team consisted of 34 people from
managed this by setting some READI rules that incorporated a bal17 different countries and with different professional backgrounds.
ance between the needs of each type of context cultures.
Most team members were not experts on the planetary defense top16

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

JANUARY 2018



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