Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine January 2018 - 31

Detection of Supersonic Rockets Using Passive Bistatic Radar

nents. The state vector is updated with bistatic measurements from
individual transmitter-receiver pairs. As the transformation from
Cartesian to bistatic parameters is nonlinear, a linear approximation is used (by calculating the Jacobian of the nonlinear function)
[16], [17].
Results of the Cartesian tracking of the rocket are shown in
Figs. 14, 15, and 16. Figure 14 shows the target position in three
dimensions. The initial x position is ca. -200 m, which agrees with
the scenario geometry (rocket launch site located ca. 200 m west

from the radar receiver). The y coordinate
changes only slightly. The greatest change
can be observed in the z coordinate - rocket
altitude, as it flew almost straight upwards.
Positions are also color-coded with the
magnitude of the velocity vector. The position in which the sound barrier is broken
is indicated on the plot. The rocket reaches
ca. 1,500 m of altitude. At this point, the
parachute was prematurely activated causing the rocket to separate into three parts.
The parts then fell on the ground. No consistent tracking of the falling parts was
achieved-partially due to the lower RCS
of separate parts in comparison with the
complete rocket, and partially due to the
sudden change of the target velocity, which
is not accommodated by the tracking algorithm. It is estimated that the RCS of the
complete rocket is in the order of 1m2. Individual parts with lower RCS were detected,
but not in a consistent manner. The moment
of the parachute launch is marked in bistatic
coordinates in Figure 13-the history of detections no longer shows a clear trajectory.
In Figure 15 velocities of the tracked
rocket can be observed in x, y and z directions. The most notable is the velocity in the
z direction, which reaches over 500 m/s. The overall maximum
rocket velocity was 560 m/s, which corresponds to Mach 1.65.
Accelerations in three directions are shown in Figure 16. The
upward acceleration reaches over 200 m/s2 (ca. 20 g) and stays at
this level for 1 s. After ca. 3.25 s the rocket decelerates (the engine
stops working).
Results obtained with the passive radar are consistent with the
data recorded onboard the rocket by the Altimax measurement
unit. The maximum altitude recorded by Altimax is 1,500 m and

Figure 15.

Figure 16.

Figure 14.

Positions in XYZ coordinates of the tracked rocket.

Velocities in XYZ coordinates of the tracked rocket.

JANUARY 2018

Accelerations in XYZ coordinates of the tracked rocket.

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

31



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