Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine January 2018 - 38

Focus-Before-Detection: Part II

Figure 5.

Different RSP frameworks for PAA radar. (a) Conventional PAA. (b) ST-RFT.

center of integration time T and they are complementary from
each other with the same supporting length. To demonstrate the
effectiveness of the proposed method, the system parameters
are given as follows. Transmitting peak power is 100 Kw, transmitting linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveform duration
is 50 us, bandwidth is 15 MHz, antenna gain is 24 dB, radar
carrier frequency is 150 MHz, intermediate frequency bandwidth is 17 MHz, PRF is 200 Hz, integration time is 1 s, and
system loss is 15 dB. Then, two weighted RFT outputs of three
targets, i.e., T1(200Km+0m,0m/s), T2(200Km+40m,20m/s) and
T3(200Km−40m,−20m/s) are given as Figure 4(b) and Figure
4(c), respectively. From (4) PSLR(1) = 10 dB can be calculated
according to the given system parameters and observed in Figure
4. Subsequently, by extracting the intersection, i.e., the minimum values of the same pixel, from two windowed outputs as
Figure 4(b) and Figure 4(c), the BSSL may be effectively eliminated as Figure 4(d).
However, the BSSL suppressing is still in development in
many applications. For the search radar to detect far-range space
target, the PSLR may still be unacceptable even with the processing of "symmetric windows" because the PRF is extremely low as
to several Hz while the range resolution is very low as with several
microsecond pulse duration. For this case, much more effective
methods are still desired.
38

MULTIPLE DOMAINS
It is known that not only motion but also target's azimuth or elevation will cause phase difference among the elements of a phased
antenna array (PAA), which is also widely discussed in many array-related radar signal processing (RSP) like digital beamforming (DBF), direction of arrival (DOA) and space-time adaptive
processing (STAP). Furthermore, not only the phase modulation
but also the envelope shift needs to be considered via wideband
DBF for the wideband PAA. Interestingly, the RM function versus
spatial element samplings caused by the DOA of electromagnetic
wave will have a similar analytical expression as that versus temporal pulse samplings caused by target motion [25]. Therefore, a
compact processing flowchart can be given as Figure 5(b) based
on the space-time RFT (ST-RFT) in [25]. The obvious difference
can be observed by comparing the existing cascade flowchart as
Figure 5(a) and the ST-RFT based one as Figure 5(b). In the real
application of ST-RFT, a CZT-based fast implementation is adopted in [25]. First, the receiving signals are extracted pulse-bypulse and element-by-element to form a range-pulse-element data
cube. Then, the 3D data is converted to range-frequency domain
by range FFT. Subsequently, the data are multiplied by a matched
function in range frequency domain and the CZT are applied twice
along pulse and element samplings, respectively. Finally, the 3D

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

JANUARY 2018



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