Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine February 2018 - 34

Feature Article:

DOI. No. 10.1109/MAES.2018.170052

A Generic Method for Remote Sensing Satellites
Conceptual Design and Rapid Sizing Based on "Design
for Performance" Strategy
Alireza Ahmadi, Amirreza Kosari, University of Tehran, Iran
S. M. B. Malaek, Sharif University of Technology, Iran

INTRODUCTION
Some fundamental and unique characteristics of space are (1) global
perspective, (2) above the atmosphere, (3) gravity-free environment,
(4) abundant resources, and (5) exploration of space itself. If the mission doesn't rely on some fundamental and unique characteristics of
space, it will likely cost more to do in space than in air or on Earth [1].
On the other hand, design of complex systems like satellites involves
selecting design parameters (DPs) to satisfy the required constraints
while meeting desired performance objectives. These parameters are
often coupled, and their relationships not easily understood, and it
makes the design an iterative process with high complexity [2]. But in
spite of high costs and complexities, demands for space missions are
increasing, so space missions inevitably must be engineered in such a
way that the users' needs be met better, cheaper, faster, and with less
risk than before. That is the reason why more research is required to
improve the space missions engineering process.
The potential influence of early phases of a space mission engineering process on the total cost of the system lifecycle, as illustrated in Figure 1, is very high so that by the end of the feasibility
study phase [3], 80% of that cost has been determined [4].
The 80/20 rule states that for a given set of mission objectives,
80% of the required performance can be achieved for 20% of the
mission cost. Therefore, if there is some flexibility in a customer's
aims there is ample opportunity to vastly reduce the mission cost.
To fully apply the rule, two important steps need to be taken: (1)
identifying the type of customer and mission objectives and (2)
challenging the requirements [5].
These challenging negotiations with customer's representatives
often lead to change in design. To be effective, these changes must

Authors' current addresses: A. Ahmadi, A. Kosari, University
of Tehran, New Sciences and Technologies Faculty (FNST),
Northern Kargar Ave., Tehran 123123, Iran, E-mail: (kosari_a@
ut.ac.ir). S. M. B. Malaek, Sharif University of Technology,
Azadi Avenue, Tehran, Iran.
Manuscript received February 13, 2017, revised May 6, 2017,
and ready for publication May 7, 2017.
Review handled by M. Jah.
0885/8985/18/$26.00 © 2018 IEEE
34

be made at early phases of the mission engineering process. According to Figure 2, making changes in design are more difficult
and more expensive at final phases of the mission engineering process than the early phases.
The trend of advances in design science is also to reduce the
time and cost of the design process; thus, simplifying of the design
process on one side and quick achievement to the correct results
from the other side is a problem that must be considered in this
process, so in this paper a method is proposed which using it, acceptable results can be achieved rapidly and simply in conceptual
phase of a remote sensing satellite.
In this approach, a designer can quickly decide upon technological barriers that might influence the Research, Development,
Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E) phases of the design and/or decide
to change the satellite mission. As total life-cycle cost is normally
influenced by decisions made during RDT&E phase, it is expected that this method play an essential role to keep the overall cost
down; as such, rapid-sizing techniques allow designers to do more
trade-studies as well as sensitivity analysis. This work concentrates
on three main issues: (1) Existence of a design space for remote
sensing-satellites; (2) The parametric characteristics and influential parameters that form such space; (3) Its potential effects on the

Figure 1.

Project lifecycle costs during phases [4].

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

FEBRUARY 2018



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