Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine February 2018 - 41

Ahmadi, Kosari, and Malaek
Table 4.

The Main Applications of a Multispectral Sensor Bands [19]
Band
Blue

Spectral Range μm
0.44-0.51

Examples of Applications
* Identification of soil and plant
* Detection of coastlines
* Specification of plants

Green

0.52-0.60

* Identification of healthy plants and infested plants
* The depth of coastal waters estimation
* Detection of cultural artifacts

Red

0.63-0.69

* Identification of plant species
* Identification of soils based on geological boundaries

NIR

0.77-0.9

* Biomass estimation
* Moisture of soil estimation
* Identification of land and water

Shortwave Infra-Red-1
(SWIR-1)

1.55-1.75

* Determination of plants moisture
* Identification of cloud and snow
* Identification of snow and ice

Shortwave Infra-Red-2
(SWIR-2)

2.07-2.35

Thermal Infra-Red

10.3-12.4

* Identification of stones and minerals
* Determination of plants moisture
* Earth surface temperature estimation
* Moisture of soil estimation
* Specification of clouds
* Fire detection

detecting small differences in reflected or emitted energy. Imagery
data are represented by positive digital numbers which vary from 0
to one less than a selected power of 2 as follows:
Radiometric  Resolution =  2 B − 1

(1)

Where B corresponds to the number of bits used for coding
the output of each detector element in each of the spectral bands.
B could be considered as the performance quantitative criteria for
radiometric resolution requirement [19].
In the case of the cubesat payload, there is no constraint for
the number of quantization bits of the detector element. In general,
higher value of B results in better performance of the cubesat optical payload.

Step 4. Determination of constraints and quantitative criteria.
The performance constraints usually limit the implementation
techniques available to the system designer. Some of the most
common performance constraints and factors which normally impact them could be found in [1].
The performance constraints are also expressed in terms of a
qualitative phrase at first and then by quantitative criteria to finally

FEBRUARY 2018

how that constraint has been satisfied could be evaluated. The performance constraints are another restrictive factor of the allowable
design area in the design plane.
In addition to the performance constraints and quantitative criteria, the DPs which have interactions with them should also be
identified.
Some of the constraints by which the design of cubesats payloads are dominated are listed in Table 5.
Constraint of payload mass is not a performance constraint
but since the performance constraints are collected to carry out the
performance sizing of the cubesat payload, this constraint could be
used for the results of the performance sizing to be verified at the
end of this phase.
Payload mass ≤ 1.5 Kg

Constraint of payload power is also not a performance constraint as the constraint of payload mass; since the performance
constraints are collected to carry out the performance sizing of the
cubesat payload, this constraint could be used for the results of the
performance sizing to be verified at the end of this phase.
Payload orbit Power ≤ 1.8 W

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

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