Bistatic Shipborne High Frequency Surface Wave Radar Figure 10. Bistatic HFSWR shipborne transmitter and receiver as MISO. (a) System configuration. (b) Clutter spectrum. (c) SINR loss. the effective array aperture can be increased to two times of the physical length of the ship platform. Therefore, the discrimination performance for target and clutter ridges and the target angular resolution and accuracy can be significantly improved. For bistatic HFSWR, with the support of a coastal or shipborne transmitting array, a small ship carrying two receiving antennas will be capable of detecting targets beyond the line of sight and with good UDSF. 12 Figure 11. Bistatic HFSWR shipborne transmitter and receiver as MIMO. (a) System configuration. (b) Clutter spectrum. (c) SINR loss. Moreover, this receiving system is with low cost, and a multistatic HFSWR network can be easily formed by placing multiple shipborne receivers. Multistatic systems can offer additional advantages, such as enhancing the target detection probability with the diversity from different aspect angles, improving the target localization accuracy with the multilateration technique, and overcoming the blind velocity effect in some particular configurations. IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE MARCH 2018