Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine March 2018 - 8

Bistatic Shipborne High Frequency Surface Wave Radar

MONOSTATIC SHIPBORNE TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER

Figure 4.

General geometrical configuration for bistatic MIMO shipborne HFSWR.

First, we consider the simplest configuration: monostatic shipborne
HFSWR, in which both transmitter and receiver are installed on
the same ship platform. Conventionally, the monostatic HFSWR
system consists of one transmitting antenna and a multielement
receiving array, which is a SIMO configuration, as illustrated in
Figure 5a. An example of a monostatic shipborne HFSWR demonstrator system was reported in [9]. Assuming the receiving array
has eight elements and the ship platform moves along the x-axis,
the space-time clutter spectrum is depicted in Figure 5b. It can
be observed that strong coupling exists between the clutter Doppler and the azimuth directions, just like the ground clutter case
for airborne radar. However, in the shipborne HFSWR case, two
clutter ridges are produced by the approaching and receding clutter
components associated with Bragg resonance. The clutter distribution is regular and range independent and can be suppressed by
the normal STAP technique [10], [11]. For this case, the rank of
sea clutter will be almost two times of the rank of ground clutter
given by Brennan's rule (as derived by the author in [18]), which
requires more system DoF to suppress the sea clutter for shipborne
HFSWR.
If the target Doppler is too close to the clutter Doppler, it will
be suppressed by STAP and cannot be detected. To enhance the

Figure 5.

Monostatic shipborne HFSWR as SIMO and MIMO. (a) System configuration. (b) Clutter spectrum. (c) SINR loss.

8

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

MARCH 2018



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