Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine May 2018 - 41

Huang and Wang
can be relatively easily handled [34], but phase noise is a random process that is much complicated than frequency offset.
The impacts of phase noise on OFDM also has been extensively
analyzed in the literature [35], [36]. Suppose M = 64 and Ns
= 16, Figure 10 compares the impacts of phase noise on BER
and CCDF between OFDM and OFDM chirp waveforms. It is
seen in Figure 10a that certainly phase noise degrades the BER
performance for both OFDM and OFDM chirp schemes. Due to
the employment of chirp subcarriers which may increase mutual
interference in the subcarriers, the OFDM chirp scheme yields
a relative poorer BER performance than the OFDM scheme.
However, similar to the results given in Figure 7, the OFDM
chirp scheme still produces better CCDF performance under
phase noise scenarios than the conventional OFDM scheme,
which implies that better PAPR performance is achieved for the
OFDM chirp waveform.

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

MULTIPATH PROPAGATION EFFECT
Another implementation issue is multipath propagation. Like in
standard OFDM communications, the OFDM chirp symbols must
be extended by adding a cyclic prefix at the beginning to avoid
inter-symbol interference between adjacent symbols. Its duration
Tg should be the maximum expected signal travel time between
the platform and scatterer instead of only the time difference as
for pure communication links, to allow for fully compensating the
multipath propagation effects.
On the other hand, in order to obtain a sufficiently high SNR
for the received signals, the symbol duration T should be chosen as
long as possible. However, the guard interval duration Tg and symbol duration T are limited by the maximum unambiguous velocity
measurement. This implies that a trade-off should be made in the
system design.

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

CONCLUSION
Integrated navigation, sensing, and communications is a promising technique, but waveform diversity design is a bottleneck problem. This article jointly utilizes the FDA and OFDM techniques to
develop the promising FDA-OFDM scheme for integrated radar,
communication and even navigation applications. This conceptual system is discussed from a top-view description without the
details of signal model, information coding, and signal processing algorithms. It is shown that the FDA-OFDM indeed provides
promising potentials for future integrated navigation, sensing and
communication applications, although more further work about
mutual interference suppression and effective receiver signal processing algorithms should be carried out. This article has an aim
to call for more publications and investigations on this promising
technique.

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

REFERENCES
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