Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine May 2018 - 77

Rahimi and Prasad

New Trust Models
Trust models change constantly. An example is the bring-yourown-device trend in enterprises. In the past, all user devices were
assumed to be trustworthy because they were of the same type and
were issued and managed by a corporate information technology
department. At present, users wish to use their personal devices
instead, thereby posing threats by creating potential Trojan horses
behind corporate firewalls.
New types of devices are expected to span a wide range of security requirements and simultaneously possess different security
positions, such as industry automation control devices, shipping
containers, vehicles forming entire capillary networks, tiny climate
monitoring sensors, and next-generation tablets and smartphones.
Existing trust models do not capture this evolving business and
technological scenery. The trust model map must be redrawn to
ensure that future wireless communication technology can support
the requirements of new business models and to guarantee sufficient security. This task is one of the primary duties of CONASENSE contributors.

Security for New Service Delivery Models
Cloud usage and virtualization emphasize the dependency on secure software and affect security. Software and hardware decoupling means that telecom software can no longer rely on the specific security attributes of a particular telecom hardware platform.
Increased demands on virtualization with strong isolation properties arise when operators host third-party applications in their telecom clouds via execution on the same hardware as native telecom.

Hacktivists, underground economies, cybercrimes, and cyber terrorists arise due to the accessibility of new and wide values on the
Internet. Attack resistance should be a design consideration in the
creation of new wireless system protocols. Questionable authentication methods, such as the use of usernames/passwords, must be
eliminated. Three authentication models could be simultaneously
adopted in future wireless technology to address the requirements
of different scenarios.

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Authentication by networks only
Service authentication increases the costs incurred by service
providers. Service providers can pay networks for service authentication for users to be able to access multiple services
after completing a single authentication. This approach eliminates the cumbersome task of obtaining service grants repeatedly when attempting to access different services.
Authentication by service providers only
Meanwhile, networks may adopt proven authentication capabilities from vertical industries and exempt devices from
radio network access authentication so that networks can reduce their operating costs.
Authentication by networks and service providers
A legacy model may be adopted for some services. Net-

MAY - JUNE 2018

Increased Privacy Concerns
Several recent news stories have reported mass surveillance allegations. Rogue base stations have been reported to track users in major cities. Personal data extraction without user knowledge has also
been mentioned. The European Union has discussed the protection
of personal data. This task is currently under review by standardization bodies, such as Third Generation Partnership Project and
the Internet Engineering Task Force, and debated in many forums.
The user identifier(s) is a particularly sensitive asset. User privacy has been an important consideration since the emergence of
second-generation technology. However, the advantages of full international mobile subscriber identity protection do not appear to
outweigh the complexity of implementing this measure.

STANDARDIZATION
CONASENSE addresses the standardization of future wireless
communication systems and considers various requirements, demands, and applications, such as HBC. The main challenges for
standardization are shown below.
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Evolved Threat Landscape

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works manage network access, and service providers handle
service access.

Complexity of emerging users and usage scenarios
Evolution from single-purpose wireless systems (mobile
broadband) to a broad range of usage cases and requirements
(e.g., range of IoT service and device types)
Requirement for a scalable service experience regardless of
the time and location at a reduced cost

CONASENSE primarily aims to avoid the "one standard fits all"
concept. This aim indicates that multiple standard organizations
are expected to define key building blocks for future wireless communication. Coexistence, integration, and harmonization across
standards that complement one another must be highlighted to provide an ultimate experience. To allow new participants to play a
key role, different standards and/or technologies may be required
to address different usage cases and requirements. The new standards should address the following:
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services, including machine to machine, vehicle to anything,
explosion of videos, proximity and context awareness, tactile Internet, and public safety;
network architectures, including device-centric and device
to device, dense and layered architecture, network function
virtualization, and cloud radio access network;
air interface pertaining to massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), advanced waveforms, and full duplex;
and
spectrum pertaining to flexible and dynamic spectrum sharing, new spectrum for access and backhaul, and mmWave.

Owing to the reliable platform provided by CONASENSE, different organizations can discuss, propose, and develop new stan-

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

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