Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine July 2018 - 47

Therefore, LTE is more suitable than any other communication
platform for CommSense.
The following results are shown in this article:
C

C

C

The feasibility of the LTE CommSense instrument is
shown using simulation. It is shown that within the limitations of simulation, we can recognize different kinds of
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)-specified
LTE channels.
A practical LTE downlink (DL) signal is captured using a
CommSense system implemented using an SDR platform
and analyzed for intraclass similarity and interclass dissimilarity for different environments. Two types of analyses
are performed. After evaluating the channel estimates, the
dimension is reduced using principal component analysis
(PCA) and plotted for cluster visualization. Then, fractional
Fourier transform (FrFT) is performed to analyze their time-
frequency representations (TFRs) to investigate whether the
user can directly distinguish different scenarios by observing
plots of FrFT-processed outputs.
We show the effect of varying the distance of the target
object from the sensing system, i.e., how the sensing performance changes with the distance of the object from the
system.

LTE COMMSENSE FORMULATION, SYSTEM DESIGN, AND
IMPLEMENTATION
In a telecommunication receiver system, the objective is to estimate the received signal assuming a known channel model.
This channel is estimated using a channel estimation block, and
the effect of channel irregularity is minimized using the channel
equalization block. Channel estimation and equalization blocks of
telecommunication systems use various processes, algorithms, and
techniques to estimate dynamic, nonergodic, and fading channels
in real time and try to nullify the channel effects on the transmitted
data. However, in a radar system, the transmitted data are known a
priori and the goal is to estimate the channel [8].
JULY 2018

CommSense aims to work as a commensal radar and uses telecommunication radiation to estimate the channel information from
the channel estimation block. To do this, CommSense taps into the
dynamic channel estimation block of a telecommunication system.
Telecommunication transmitters transmit reference pilot symbols
at regular intervals. The channel-distorted version of the reference
symbols received at the receiver provides information about the
channel conditions. Based on the preceding observations, we have
proposed that the CommSense system [7], [8] will successfully do
the following:
C

C

Estimate the channel characteristics from the received telecommunication signal.
Predict the change in the environment based on the change
in the channel characteristics.

For successful operation of CommSense, i.e., to perform the
preceding tasks, mapping of information from the channel estimation measurements to environment events or conditions is crucial.
This may be thought of as a phenomenological effort, which is
a major challenge in conventional radar systems [10]. Therefore,
this is a major concern in our proposed LTE CommSense system
as well.

LTE COMMSENSE SYSTEM
CommSense can be implemented with the help of any telecommunication system that sends pilot signals for channel estimation and
equalization. Work on GSM-based CommSense systems [4], [5]
show promising results. The current work focuses on implementing CommSense using LTE technology, which is a new standard of
choice for cellular telecommunication. The main motivations for
using LTE for CommSense were listed in the introduction.
Figure 1 shows the complete processing chain of the proposed
LTE CommSense system. Because two sets of inputs are required,
there are two separate processing chains. The first one is during
operational mode, when real-time data are input from UE deployed
in the environment. UE is an LTE receiver. It captures the DL signal from an LTE base station and initiates the receiver processing
chain. The second chain is required during the control mode. In

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

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