Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine July 2018 - 57
Sardar, Mishra, and Khan
of false acceptances and NIA denotes
the number of impostor attempts, then
FAR can be defined as follows:
NFA
FAR =
∗100%
NIA
Similarly, false reject (FR) is the
act of deciding that a category is not
legitimate when the category is genuine in reality. The frequency at which
FR errors are made is called FRR. If
NFR is the number of failed rejections
and NEA is the number of legitimate
classification attempts, then FRR can
be given as follows:
NFR
FRR =
∗100%
NEA
A good detection methodology
should optimize both FAR and FRR.
Figure 14 shows the FRR and FAR
values with respect to the distance of
the human target from the SDR platform. It can be observed that as the
distance of the human target from the
SDR platform decreases, the FAR and
FRR values improve.
The following interesting points
can be observed:
C
C
Even with a training set consisting of only 100 readings, the
performance is good when tested with up to 1,000 readings.
As the distance of the human
target from the SDR decreases,
the accuracy and the FAR and
FRR performance improve.
From the confusion matrix, the
average FRR and FAR are calculated
as follows:
Figure 13.
Indoor human-target detection at different distances: (a) sorted eigenvalues and their cumulative energy
contribution, (b) 2D scatterplot of the largest two principal components, (c) 3D scatterplot of the largest
three principal components.
JULY 2018
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
C
Type I error: FRR = 4.56%
C
Type II error: FAR = 3.57%
Analyzing the effect of the distance of the human target from the
LTE UE to detect human presence, it
can be concluded that for four humantarget distances and the case with only
background, they form separate clusters and that the distance of cluster
centers from the cluster correspond-
57
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