Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine October 2017 - 7
Leppinen
Table 1.
List of Analysed Spacecraft
Name
Operator
Launch Date
Details
Sources
TacSat-1
Naval Research
Laboratory
Not launched
PowerPC MPC823 and
PowerQuicc II 8260,
StrongArm SA1110
[9]
Aalto-1
Aalto University
2017
AT91RM9200-based embedded
computer, Linux 3.4 prepared
with Buildroot
[10]
QuakeSat
QuakeFinder LLC
2003
Diamond Systems Prometheus
PC/104 x86 CPU module with
Red Hat Linux
[11] [12]
MidSTAR-1
United States Naval
Academy
2007
ARM Linux on a payload
controller
[13]
UWE-11, UWE22
University of
Würzburg
1
Hitachi H8S 2674 16-bit
microprocessor, μClinux
[14] [15]
X-Sat
Nanyang
Technological
University
2011
Payload controller: Linux on
several StrongArm SA1110
processors
[16]
IPEX
Cal Poly San Luis
Obispo, JPL
2013
400 MHz Atmel ARM9 CPU
based computer, Linux 2.6.30
[17] [18]
STRaND-1
Surrey Space Centre
2013
Digi-Wi9C with μClinux and
Google Nexus One with
Android
[19] [20]
LightSail-1
The Planetary
Society
2015
Tyvak Intrepid v6 single-board
computer
[21] [22]
PhoneSat
satellites
NASA
Several since 2013
Google Nexus One and Nexus
S with Android 2.2
[23]
Dove satellites
Planet
Several since 2013
Low-power COTS x86
processors, Ubuntu server
[24] [25]
Falcon 9,
Dragon
SpaceX
Several since 2010
Multiple COTS computers,
custom Linux 3.2 with realtime patches
[26] [27] [28]
[29]
Figure 3.
2005, 22009
Aalto-1 is one of the CubeSats using Linux. Photo: Aalto University.
OCTOBER 2017
processor also had the required interfaces, such as I2C and serial
port, to communicate with other hardware on the satellite. μClinux
was selected because of the Linux portability and availability of
software; only the application-specific software modules needed to
be developed. Linux also had the internet protocol stack available
for the technology demonstrations.
Although the UWE-1 on-board software performed well, it
was rewritten for UWE-2 in order to be more extensible. Software
was written in C due to its good integration with Linux, and due
to the availability of C cross-compiler for the selected processor.
The application software was realized as several Linux programs
running in parallel, including programs for system control, radio
control, battery control, housekeeping, logging, and sensors. The
programs communicated through the Linux interprocess communication facilities.
UWE-1 completed its demonstration mission within a few
weeks after launch, and UWE-2 was also operated successfully
[14], [15].
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
7
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