Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine June 2017 - 28
Elimination of Resampling Errors in Wide Area Motion Imagery
Table 3.
Compression Error for 240 Raw Images with a
Compression Ratio of 2.23
Intensity
Error
Histogram of compression errors. The error is the compressed image
pixel intensity less the original image pixel intensity.
sion ratio of 2.23 to 1. Some loss of image resolution is inevitable.
To establish the error caused by compression, the 40 frames of
raw data were compressed using Joint Photographic Experts Group
2000 compression [13], uncompressed, and compared against the
original images.
Each frame of raw data consists of six raw images, 240 images total. Each image was compressed by a ratio of 2.23 to1 and
saved to a separate file. Each image was then read and compared
pixel by pixel with the original image. A histogram of the error for
each image was performed, and the results for all 240 images were
combined. The results are shown in Figure 7.
In Figure 7, the horizontal axis is the image intensity error, while the vertical axis is the log of the bin count. There are
Percentage of
Total Points
0
3,135,283,534
82.554 791
1
658,596,926
17.341 440
2
3,936,727
0.103 658
3
4,230
0.000 111
4
23
0.000 001
Total
Figure 7.
Number of Pixels
3,797,821,417
100
3.8 × 109 pixels of which 3.1 × 109 or 82.6% have no error. The intensity error between original pixel poriginal and reconstructed pixel
preconstructed is | poriginal - preconstructed | = 4 out of 256 maximally, an error
that occurs in only 0.000 001% of the pixels. The complete results
are shown in Table 3.
There is essentially no difference between the original images,
and the compressed images. In this case, the loss of resolution is
not due to compression at a ratio of 2.23 to 1.
The NITF files for a flight test of October 20, 2010 have a
compression ratio of 6.73 to 1. The raw images are 92 MB per
frame, while the NITF images are 14 MB per frame on average.
The analysis above was repeated with a compression ratio 6.73 to
1 for data of 20091021. The compressed images were manually
evaluated for resolution. The results are given in Table 4.
For the uncompressed images, the mean index is -2.8, and for
the 6.73 to 1 compressed image, the mean index is -2.9. This is a
change from 1.24 lp/m to 1.23 lp/m.
Table 4.
Resolution of 20091021 Data Set at a Compression Ratio of 6.73 to 1
Frame
28
Raw Idx
Frame
Raw Idx
Frame
Raw Idx
Frame
Raw Idx
100
-3
222
-3
359
-3
479
-5
112
-2
236
-2
371
-2
493
-2
124
-3
251
-3
382
-2
508
-2
135
-4
265
-3
394
-3
522
-3
147
-5
280
-3
405
-3
537
-2
158
-5
295
-3
417
-5
552
-3
170
-2
309
-2
428
-3
566
-2
182
-2
323
-3
440
-2
581
-2
195
-2
336
-3
453
-3
594
-3
208
-3
349
-2
466
-4
608
-3
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mean
-2.9
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
JUNE 2017
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