Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine March 2018 - 13

Sun
To implement the MIMO configuration in HFSWR, a proper
orthogonal waveform should be carefully selected [14]. In general,
the ideal orthogonal waveform doesn't exist, and usually we must
scarify some performances (e.g., range-Doppler sidelobes and limited Doppler unambiguity region) when applying a set of practical orthogonal waveforms [21], [22]. Fortunately, for HF radar, the
Doppler frequencies of the targets of interest are very small and
far below the adopted pulse repetition frequency. Benefiting from
this feature, the time-staggered linear-frequency-modulated continuous-wave waveform, Doppler-division multiple access waveform,
and Hadamard coding waveform can be used in HF radar with almost ideal orthogonal performance [14], [21], and the reduced Doppler unambiguous region will not affect the target detection. These
waveforms have been successfully applied in real MIMO HF radar
systems, and good performance was demonstrated [15]-[17].
Finally, although bistatic shipborne MIMO HFSWR has many
operational flexibilities, the associated signal processing will be
more challenging than the conventional monostatic system. For
example, unlike the range-independent clutter in the monostatic
configuration, the clutter distribution in the bistatic configuration
will be range dependent. This will challenge the clutter training
for STAP processing [23], [24]. In addition, when the ship is sailing, the oscillating motions (e.g., roll, pitch, and yaw motions) of
the ship platform will cause some problems for clutter suppression
and target detection performance of the shipborne HFSWR system.
Some preliminary analyses can be seen in [25] and [26], but more
investigations should be conducted to alleviate this effect.

[2]

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McGraw-Hill Education, 2013.
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MARCH 2018

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IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

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slow targets in shipborne HFSWR. International Radar Conference,
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