Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine January 2018 - 39

Xu et al.
data are converted to range-velocity-angle domain by range
inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). The above CZT-based
ST-RFT jointly accomplishes range compression, wideband
beamforming, and long-time coherent integration, which is computationally efficient because the CZT can be realized via FFT
operators [25]. To demonstrate the effectiveness of ST-RFT, an
L-band digital array radar (DAR) is designed with parameters
in [25]. For the three targets located at 200 Km with parameter
vectors as T1(200Km,0m/s,0°), T2(200Km+30m,−100m/s,−20°),
and T3(200Km−30m,100m/s,20°), respectively, the ST-RFT outputs in different planes are given in Figure 6. Comparing with
the existing RSP flowchart as Figure 5(a), larger SNR gain and
higher computational efficiency can be obtained for joint longtime coherent integration and wideband DBF via ST-RFT [25].
Apart from ST-RFT, the extension of FBD in frequency, polarization, and waveform domain may be also an attractive direction in the future. For example, the FBD can be studied in the frequency domain by combining the step-frequency, sparse subband
and across-band bandwidth synthesizing methods. Therefore, the
space-time-frequency focus-before-detection (STF-FBD) can be
formed for the RSP in the future.

MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS
From the definitions of RFT in [1], it is easily found that only
location and motion information, e.g., the initial range r and radial velocity v, are considered along range direction. That is, the
RFT can only retrieve the target's range and velocity parameters
in one-dimensional range direction, but real radar targets may
move in a range-azimuth-elevation 3D space. Obviously, the re-

Many moving targets have
structures on them that make
micromotions, such as vibrations,
tumbling, procession, or the
nutation of a coning target. These
generate side bands attached
to a target that may improve
identification by providing
distinguishing signals that can be
modeled and analyzed by focusFigure 6.

Three targets of ST-RFT results in different planes (range center is 200
Km). (a) Velocity-range. (b) Velocity-angle. (c) Range-angle.

JANUARY 2018

before-detection (FBD) methods.

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

39



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